Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer, also known as bowel cancer, is a type of cancer that starts in the colon or rectum. It typically begins as a growth on the inner lining of the colon or rectum known as a polyp, which can turn into cancer over time. There are different types of colorectal cancer, but the two most common types are:

Colon Cancer: This form of cancer starts in the colon (the large intestine). It can develop anywhere in the colon.

Rectal Cancer: This type begins in the rectum, the part of the large intestine closest to the anus.

Risk factors for colorectal cancer include age, a personal or family history of colorectal cancer or polyps, inflammatory bowel disease, a diet high in red or processed meats, a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, smoking, heavy alcohol use, and certain inherited genetic conditions.

Early stages of colorectal cancer might not show symptoms, which is why regular screenings are crucial, especially for individuals over 45 or those with risk factors. Symptoms can include changes in bowel habits, blood in stool, abdominal discomfort, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, or a feeling that the bowel doesn’t empty completely.

Screening tests like colonoscopies, fecal occult blood tests, and stool DNA tests are used for early detection. Treatment may involve surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these, depending on the stage and type of cancer. The prognosis is often better when colorectal cancer is detected early.